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Chapter 1


Introduction To The
Context Of This Work

IN THE AUTUMN of 2001, I received a phone call from a nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Washington D.C. asking me to describe my eye-witness experience of the terror. I relayed the following narrative.

* * *

My narrative takes me back to a place in the north of Iraq, where my eyewitness experience began. I am in the place where the old city of Mosul is home to the ancient city of Nineveh and to the ancient histories of the diverse peoples of the North. I am with my family in Mosul. In the morning, I am accompanying my aunt at her office where she practices medicine. My uncle is running errands in the marketplace, and my aunt is seeing her patients. By the time my aunt and I reach her clinic, the office manager has several patients gathered in the waiting room across the courtyard. She prepares some Mosul coffee for us and places a kerosene lantern in the waiting room to take the cold out of the morning air.

That morning, the waiting room was filled with Bedouin women and children who knew from the newness of my clothes that they were foreign garments. By then, the U.S.-led embargo on the peoples of Iraq had long taken its toll, and fine fabrics that used to be woven locally were now rare. Iraq had changed. The section of the marketplace in which jewelry was designed, created, and sold was now barren. What was once a unique place where gold artisans showed original wares of the highest quality was now virtually empty, with the exception of a few strands of seashells in one or two of the glass cases that lined the abandoned gold mar¬ket. The only apparent activity was the sad business of middle-class women selling their cherished wedding jewels and family heirlooms. These precious articles of sentiment would have been intended as gifts for her children or for presentation upon the marriage announcement of a next generation. These items would now leave the family, leave the city, and even leave the country as one family and then another desperately

attempted to shore up any remaining hope they might have to make ends meet and make a future for their children. The brass market where traditional samovars, coffee pots, and serving trays were crafted and sold was similarly empty. These items of both art and necessity were also being sold out of desperation and were quickly vanishing as artifacts of daily life in Iraq. Even the Persian carpets that had warmed the floors of Iraqi homes in the winter months since ancient times were van ishing at an alarming rate. This was when the looting of Iraqi artiifacts and treasures had actually begun. Rich customs and the very fabric of Iraqi culture were attached to these articles, and with each vanishing artifact there was a new representation of a rotting infrastructure, a vanishing culture, and an unraveling of civil society. The most damaging manifestation of looting was not an act of taking but rather was in the perpetual act of being forced to give up and sell those personal artifacts that mattered in the daily lives and collective histories of so many people. Although these women were free to leave Iraq during the U.S. led embargo, the likelihood that another western nation would allow them to enter was becoming less and less likely. And so it was that the foreignness of my garments was readily ascertained. Despite their forced materi¬al and physical isolation from the rest of the world, I found that these women were quite well-educated about contemporary world events. Our conversation led one of them to ask the office manag¬er about me, and she explained that I was visiting from the U.S. They were quite interested to know my perspective on their recent years of plight and wanted to know what the American people were thinking and saying about their horrendous situation.

As I began to assemble a reasonable response, we were starrtled by the distinct presence of supersonic sounds from the sky. We all rushed out to the alley. It was filled with people who had also been alarmed by this sound and searched the blue sky for an answer. Nothing was visible, yet the loud sound persisted just above us. Then it was gone. Confusion and fear filled the streets.